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Scaevola kilaueae

O.Deg. (1933)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Goodeniaceae Genus: Scaevola

huahekili uka, naupaka kuahiwi, pāpa‘ahekili [papaahekili]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–1 m tall, sometimes taller.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, 3–6.8 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide. Apex acute. Base tapering to a petiole 0.7–1 cm long. Surfaces usually glabrous. Margins dentate along distal ½. Petiolate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (1–)3–7 in cymes 30–100 mm long, peduncles 15–40 mm long, terminal flower sessile, lateral ones on pedicels ca. 5 mm long, these subtended by paired bracteoles. Flowers bisexual (perfect), strongly irregular. Calyx 5–parted, minute. Corolla funnelform–unilabiate, 5–parted, tube split adaxially, purplish brown, 20–25 mm long, the lobes cream with purple lines, 8–10 mm long, margins winged, the throat pale yellowish brown. Stamens 5, distinct, not quite as long as corolla tube; anthers introrse, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, the pollen shed from the coherent anthers and collected by the indusium on the outgrowing style. Ovary inferior, ovoid, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; style 23–30 mm long, exserted and protruding through the adaxially split tube, curved abruptly downward near stigma; stigma 1–2-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; 2–celled; dark purplish black; ovoid; ca. 10 mm long; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Seeds 1 to numerous; with oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 16*

Habitat: Occurring in local populations on old lava flows and ash substrate; in open Metrosideros forest and shrubland.

Elevation Range: 1,000–1,460 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiiensis 340: s.p. (1933)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:786 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Scaevola kilaueae Kilauea Volcano; 1823 flow Lava. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1918-07-01
2 Scaevola kilaueae Puna Geothermal area, near #11 Tangled in Dicranopteris linearis. With Arundina graminifolia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Lycopodium sp. Preserved_Specimen 7 ft. tall but had fallen over; yellow buds. Howarth, D. 12 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-22
3 Scaevola kilaueae Hawaii National Park: along road from Chain-of-Craters Road to Kipuka Nene (Near C-of-C jet.). In open semi-desert. Preserved_Specimen Infrequent small shrub. Stone, B.C. 2970 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-26
4 Scaevola kilaueae Hilina Pali Rd, 0.8 mi from Kipuka Nene. Near bench mark 134 YY 1958 Dry, full sun but half against rock face; With Styphelia tameiameiae, Melinis minutiflora, Dodonaea viscosa. Preserved_Specimen 2 ft tall. Half dead at base of 3 ft wall, producing over abundance of fruits. Howarth, D. 18 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
5 Scaevola kilaueae Chain of Craters: Kilauea; Pauahi Crater Styphelia thicket on basalt gravel. Preserved_Specimen Branches 1.5 meters long, semiprostrate, flower white, with faint bluish tinge. St.John, H. 18425 Hawaii BISH 1937-12-20
6 Scaevola kilaueae Hilina Pali Road 2-2.5 miles above Kipuka Nene In open sparse scrub with Pennisetum clandestinum on lava, rare, one plant seen. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub, corolla limb white tube bronze, fruit black, shiny fleshy. Fosberg, F.R. 64299 Hawaii BISH 1984-03-25
7 Scaevola kilaueae Hawaii National Park: Hilina Pali Road just below Huaka Crater Very local in open scrub forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-1.5 meters tall, leaves thick, stiff; flowers white with dull yellow tube, turning dull yellowish. Fosberg, F.R. 41599 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-19
8 Scaevola kilaueae Mauna Loa: Southwest rift zone On open lava scrub. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31643 Hawaii BISH 1968-08-04
9 Scaevola kilaueae Half mile S of Makaopuhi Crater On dry volcanic ash Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4395 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-27
10 Scaevola kilaueae 100 m down Ainahou Road, 30 m W of rd. Volcanoes National Park Dry, 50% shade of Metrosideros polymorpha. Other plants: Andropogon virginicus, Styphelia tameiameiae, Myrica faya. Preserved_Specimen 3 ft tall. abundance of fruits. Howarth, D. 15 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
11 Scaevola kilaueae Kilauea near Ainahou Scrub ohia forest. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1955-12-01
12 Scaevola kilaueae Beginning of Ainahou Road, Volcano National Park Dry with a little Metrosideros polymorpha shade. With Andropogon virginicus, Styphelia tameiameiae, Myrica faya. Preserved_Specimen 2 ft tall, stretched across ground, 15 ft x 10 ft. abundance of fruits. Howarth, D. 14 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
13 Scaevola kilaueae Kau: 1832 flow Lava. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1918-07-01
14 Scaevola kilaueae Puna Geothermal area Very wet; tangled in Dicranopteris linearis. With Arundina graminifolia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Lycopodium sp. Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. still upright; trunk 4 cm diam. at 1 meter height. Howarth, D. 13 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-22
15 Scaevola kilaueae Hilina Pali Rd, 0.8 mi from Kipuka Nene. Across road from #18 Dry, 50% shade of Metrosideros polymorpha. With Styphelia tameiameiae, Melinis minutiflora, Dodonaea viscosa. Preserved_Specimen 2.5 ft tall, fallen down. Base trunk 1 inch diam., lots of fruits. Howarth, D. 19 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
16 Scaevola kilaueae Ainahou Road; near bench marked HVO 105. Volcano National Park Dry, 50% shade of Metrosideros polymorpha, and Styphelia tameiameiae. With Dodonaea viscosa & grass. Preserved_Specimen Yellowing leaves. abundance of fruits. Howarth, D. 16 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
17 Scaevola kilaueae Hawaii National Park, Halina Pali Road Dry ohia scrub on lava near Devil's Throat. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 meters high with thick, fleshy leaves. Flowers white, streaked with purple. Webster, G.L. 1798 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-18
18 Scaevola kilaueae Puu Ohale Roadside. Preserved_Specimen Flowers white. Fagerlund, G.O. 302 Hawaii BISH 1943-01-31
19 Scaevola kilaueae East of Kilauea-iki Dry region. Preserved_Specimen (Note corolla!) Degener, O. 7721 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-17
20 Scaevola kilaueae Near head of Ainahou Road; Volcano National Park Dry, 10% shade. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrica faya, Melinis minutiflora, Mariscus sp. Preserved_Specimen 3 ft tall. producing over abundance of fruits. Howarth, D. 17 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
21 Scaevola kilaueae Half mile S of Makaopuhi Crater On dry volcanic ash Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4395 Hawaii BISH 1930-01-27
22 Scaevola kilaueae Kilauea District: Hilina Pali Road; approx. 1 mile from juncture with Chain of Craters Road On pahoehoe lava, with Dubautia ciliolata, Vaccinium reticulatum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Dodonaea viscosa in area of scrubby Metrosideros trees. Preserved_Specimen A distinctive species, sprawling shrub to 3 feet high, but broader than high; flowers white, fruits purple-black; foliage yellow-green, succulent. Carlquist, S. 2050 Hawaii BISH 1966-07-24
23 Scaevola kilaueae Hilina Pali road near junction with Chain-of-Craters Road, east of Devils Throat Rare in thick Dodonaea scrub and Andropogon grass. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs about 1 meter tall, flower white with yellow throat, fruit black, fleshy, oblong, leaves pale green, coriaceous. Fosberg, F.R. 56736 Hawaii BISH 1977-03-21
24 Scaevola kilaueae Keauohana Forest Reserve, near Pahoa Among scrub. Preserved_Specimen Bush spreading 2 feet high. Degener, O. 21763 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-02
25 Scaevola kilaueae Kipuka Nene Road, about 0.25 mile below junction with Chain of Craters Road In dry pahoehoe flats, with dwarfed lehua, Railliardia, etc. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2970 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-26
26 Scaevola kilaueae Hilina Pali Road Dry, in full sun. With Metrosideros polymorpha, Styphelia tameiameiae, Melinis minutiflora, Dubautia ciliolata. Preserved_Specimen Howarth, D. 20 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-23
27 Scaevola kilaueae Near Puna Geothermal area Very wet, with Dicranopteris linearis, Arundina graminifolia, Metrosideros polymorpha, Lycopodium sp. & grass. Preserved_Specimen Lush growth 3 ft tall. Howarth, D. 11 Hawaii BISH 1995-08-22
28 Scaevola kilaueae Near Ainahou [Road junction] with Chain-of-Craters Road Locally common but rapidly becoming crowded out by exotic grasses. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35684 Hawaii BISH 1982-09-01
29 Scaevola kilaueae Kona Coast: Ocean View Estates; near intersection of Reef Parkway and Coconut Drive Preserved_Specimen Shrub with white flowers, black fruit. Herbst, D.R. 1998 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-15
30 Scaevola kilaueae Kilauea, ash fields near Pauahi crater Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3314 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-17
31 Scaevola kilaueae Kau District: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; near the end of the road from Hilina Pali towards the park Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter tall in open area. Herat, T. 810 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-27
32 Scaevola kilaueae Hawaii National Park, scrubby ohia forest between Devil's Throat and Hiiaka Crater Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.5 meters high; leaves thick and fleshy. Flowers white with purplish streaks. Webster, G.L. 1810 Hawaii BISH 1948-06-19
33 Scaevola kilaueae Kilauea; Ainahou Road Preserved_Specimen Low shrub, 2 feet high, with decumbent branches; flowers white, berry black. Rare. Olson, G.E. Hawaii BISH 1938-12-27
34 Scaevola kilaueae Along Hilina Pali Road ca. 2 miles from junction with Chain of Craters Road Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5279 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-28
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